ABSTRACT Background: Peritonitis remains the most common major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Several attempts to use leukocyte esterase (LE) reagent strips to rapidly diagnose peritonitis have been previously described. This study examined the utility of a locally marketed urinalysis LE strip (ChoiceLine 10) in the diagnosis of peritonitis. Objective: To determine the accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, likelihood ratio) of a urinalysis leukocyte esterase reagent strip (ChoiceLine 10 Urinalysis) in the diagnosis of PD peritonitis. Design: Cross-sectional validation study Methods: One hundred five peritoneal dialysate samples were evaluated by microscopy leukocyte count, culture, and LE dipstick testing. Peritonitis was diagnosed by the presence of 2 or more of the following criteria, namely, clinical symptoms of peritoneal inflammation (abdominal pain and tenderness, cloudy dialysate), peritoneal dialysis effluent leukocyte count greater than 100 cells/ul with neutrophils constituting more than 50% of all leukocytes, and positive effluent cultures. Cut-off values of count approximately (ca) 25 and 75 neutrophils/ul on the LE test strip were used to diagnose peritonitis. For each sample, the LE test result was compared to the corresponding WBC leukocyte count, culture result, dialysate clarity and the patient’s signs and symptoms in diagnosing peritonitis. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and LR were used to analyze the data. Results: In this study, the LE strip had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 100% in detecting significant neutrophil count (>50/ul) used to diagnose peritonitis. It had a sensitivity of 91.7%, a specificity of 100%, LR 148.50 (CI 16.2, 1423.8), with a PPV of 100% and a NPV of 97.6% in diagnosing peritonitis. Conclusions: In the diagnosis of peritonitis, we believe that the LE strip is a sensitive and specific test that can be used as a simple and rapid bedside test to diagnose peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients. Keywords: Peritonitis, Peritoneal dialysis, Diagnosis, Leukocyte esterase.